When you are learning a new language, there are always false friends that make things a little more complicated. So in this post we are going to talk about them and see some examples. Не так-то просто выучить их все в виде словарного списка. Тебе просто нужно практиковаться с ними по отдельности, в контексте, так ты сможешь узнавать эти слова и не попадать в их колею.
What is a false friend?
A false friend is a word in Spanish that looks like a word in English but both have completely different meanings. This happens because, sometimes, two words in two different languages have the same origin but they are used in different situations. That can mean trouble because, in some situations, you can be completely missunderstanding. For example, "Estoy embarazada" означает не "я смущена", а "я беременна", и "Estoy constipada" означает не "у меня запор", а "я простудился". That can create hilarious situations. Если ты читаешь где-нибудь испанское предложение, а оно не имеет для тебя никакого смысла, возможно, дело в ложных друзьях. Давай посмотрим на некоторые из них.
Spanish-English false friend
Библиотека ≠ Библиотека
This two words talk about places where you can find books. The difference is that in one of them you can read them and in the other want you have to buy them if you want to read them. Librería is not library, but bookshop. So how is "библиотека" said in Spanish? It is Biblioteca, because of his latin origin (biblio means book).
Lectura ≠ Лекция
They are pretty similar, but their meanings are completely different. The Spanish one is related to the previous pair: lectura means reading. On the other hand, lecture in Spanish means conferencia.
Introducir ≠ Представлять
"Представить кого-то" не может быть переведено словами "Познакомься с кем-нибудь". That would be very confusing. Introducir means to insert; and to introduce is presentar in Spanish.
Бомбер ≠ Бомбер
Bombero looks like something related to booms, like bomber, but it means firefighter. Its origins is the onomatopoeia boom. Bomber in Spanish is bombardero.
Codo ≠ Code
Codo может напомнить тебе слово "код", но оно не имеет ничего общего с паролем: его значение - локоть. В испанском языке код - это código, contraseña or pin (because of the mobile phone sim).
Casualidad ≠ Casualty
This is other example of words that look similar but have completely different meanings. Casualidad is a coincidence, something not planned; in Spanish, casualty is víctima. This false friends are more conflictive for Spanish people than English people.
Delito ≠ Delight
Иногда ложные друзья означают не совсем одно и то же, но они так или иначе связаны. Это не один из таких случаев. Delito means crime, something against the law, and delight is something really good, in Spanish: delicia, deleite.
These are some of the Spanish-English false friends that you can find. In this video, you will learn some more.
Выучить ложных друзей в испанском языке - задача не из легких, поэтому наши милые Лаура и Джек объяснят тебе различия: